An exploration of the cultural, political, religious, and gender dynamics of Nigeria's maternal health care landscape. In Birth Politics, Ogechukwu E. Williams examines the cultural, political, and medical connections that have shaped childbirth in Nigeria from the colonial era to the present. Offering a unique perspective on competing frameworks and their influence on Nigerian maternal health care, this book calls attention to the complex relationships between traditional midwives, biomedical maternities, and faith-based birthing homes. With a focus on Nigeria's colonial and post-colonial history, Williams explores how childbirth became a battleground for control, legitimacy, and societal transformation. Through critical examination, the work reveals how international organizations and local actors—ranging from traditional healers to missionary nurses and Aladura faith leaders—negotiated their roles within an evolving health care landscape. By underscoring the intersections that emerged among these players, it also addresses the urgent relevance of medical pluralism in tackling contemporary health inequities and Nigeria's ongoing challenges with maternal mortality. Highlighting the influences of international organizations, colonial administrators, and indigenous practitioners, Williams provides a comprehensive and nuanced history that redefines our understanding of reproductive health care and its deeply rooted connections to state power, gender dynamics, religious sentiments, and cultural identity.