This volume offers a fresh exploration of the enduring dialogue between Confucianism and Buddhism, two traditions that have profoundly shaped East Asian thought. Reviving an exchange long neglected in modern scholarship, it proposes a new comparative approach in the philosophy of religion—a way of understanding how these traditions have long coexisted through seeming opposition, continually shaping, challenging, and enriching each other’s visions of truth and virtue. Contributors examine diverse encounters where Buddhist and Confucian thinkers debated life and death, emotion and morality, self-cultivation and governance, while finding inspiration across traditions. Through discussions of ethics, political order, meditation, music, and humility, the chapters reveal how this dialogue generated creative syntheses that transformed both traditions over time. Together, they show that the interplay between Buddhism and Confucianism remains a living source of insight into the cultivation of virtue and human flourishing today.