This book offers a comprehensive overview of how culture, science, technology and academic activity functioned as instruments of cultural diplomacy and soft power in Spain, Portugal and Greece during the interwar and Cold War periods. Cultural Diplomacy in Southern Europe is particularly timely due to the growing academic focus on the role of culture and science as relevant actors in countries’ diplomatic strategies, even as the current geopolitical climate appears to be altering the roles of traditional international actors. The idea of a common Europe as an area of freedom and progress has been founded on Europe’s reputation as a centre of culture and knowledge. At a time when social tensions are fuelling attempts to redefine the European identity, this book explores the potential at both the national and international levels for science and culture to serve as political tools, drivers of economic and social modernisation and sources of power. This volume will interest scholars and students of the History of Cultural and Scientific Diplomacy, 20th-Century European History and International Relations. Chapter 1 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA) license.