The volume assembles most of the papers presented at the conference of the same name at the German Historical Institute in Rome from 29 to 31 October 2003. They provide both general outlines of German-Italian relations in the post-war era, with special reference to cultural policy, and individual descriptions of the fate undergone by German institutes and libraries in Rome: the German Historical Institute, the German Archeological Institute, the Roman Institute of the Görres Society, the Villa Massimo, the Bibliotheca Hertziana, the German Library (later the Goethe Institute), and the German School.