"The arguments presented in the published papers are of a high calibre, and the written style is clear and persuasive; and this applies to the essays by non-native-English-scholars, which account for a third of Schenker 3." (Music and Letters, vol. 89, no. 3). During March of 1999, the Third International Schenker Symposium took place at Mannes College of Music in New York City. This was the third in a series of conferences devoted exclusively to the work of Heinrich Schenker, the most influential music analyst and theorist of the 20th century. This volume contains studies, originally presented at the 1999 symposium, that focus on topics such as the retained tone, non-tonic openings and the auxiliary cadence; other essays use Schenker's analytical approach to explore the tonal structure of opera and the compositional language of Beethoven, Corelli, Mozart and Stravinsky. This volume gives testimony to the scope of Schenkerian research and represents the exploration of Schenker's ideas by American and European scholars at the turn of the 21st century.