The nineteenth century brought sweeping changes, from industrialization to social reform movements, yet queerness remained taboo. While societal norms often dictated secrecy, a brave subculture of writers, artists, and thinkers explored themes of gender, sexuality, and identity. Ranging from Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu's horror novella Carmilla, which pioneered the lesbian vampire trope, to Edward Carpenter's advocacy for gay rights in Homogenic Love and Its Place in a Free Society, this Dover original anthology of essays, fiction, and poetry presents literary insights into the ways six authors represented the queer community, often at significant personal risk. Other selections include Calamus by Walt Whitman, Cecil Dreeme by Theodore Winthrop, An Italian Garden: A Book of Songs by Agnes Mary Frances Robinson, and The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. Together, these works offer valuable context for contemporary discussions fundamental to the early emancipation of homosexual rights.