Literature for the Masses is the first English-language book on popular stories known in Japan alternatively as period fiction or mass literature. It highlights the important cultural and ideological work performed by this ubiquitous, yet overlooked, literary form. Focused on the years 1913 to 1941, which coincide exactly with the rise of industrial capitalism and mass culture in Japan, the book challenges the conventional wisdom that period-themed entertainment was an anachronistic holdover from the past. Through a close analysis of well-known examples of the genre, such as Nakazato Kaisan’s The Great Buddha Pass (1913–1921), Yoshikawa Eiji’s Miyamoto Musashi (1935–1939), and Mikami Otokichi’s The Transformation of Yukinojo (1934–1935), Reichert shows how these materials were thoroughly integrated into both the modern media ecosystem and the creative sphere of the written arts. The book further broadens its perspective by including other more experimental narratives not typically categorized as belonging to the genre: Shimazaki Toson’s Before the Dawn (1929–1935), Tanizaki Jun’ichiro’s The Secret History of the Lord of Musashi (1931–1932, 1935), and Okubo Yasuo’s 1938 translation of Gone with the Wind. Although respectively seen as too elevated, too satirical, and too foreign to belong to the category of period fiction, the volume shows how all three texts actively mine the cultural associations of the genre. This more expansive lens emphasizes how Japanese period fiction constituted a capacious form of expression every bit as disruptive and pervasive as commercial newspapers and magazines and the new communication technologies of film and radio. Reichert thus argues that producers and consumers perceived the genre to be a literary revolution that could offer radically new avenues for feeling and experiencing the Japanese past.