Nearly 400 years have passed since the naval ship Vasa sank in Stockholm in 1628, and more than sixty years since its salvage in 1961. Today, Vasa stands as an iconic symbol – a ship, a shipwreck, a museum, and a unique manifestation of the material culture of Sweden’s early modern navy. But Vasa is not the only Swedish naval vessel of its time. Sweden’s naval records reveal nearly 900 other ships, each with a story very different from Vasa’s. Some were sunk in battle, many served in the navy for decades, others were repurposed as construction elements in harbours, or deliberately sunk at the entrances to Swedish cities and naval bases as obstacles for the enemy. This volume focuses on and examines these forgotten or hidden ships as material culture, broadly defined to encompass all remains of the navy, from shipwrecks on the seabed to museum objects, archives, cannons, and even coffins made from ship timbers. The book highlights how new methods, techniques, and materials can challenge and enrich naval studies. It is the result of an interdisciplinary collaboration between underwater archaeology, history, ethnology, and cultural heritage studies from both Sweden and Finland.