Within graphic design, the concept of systems is profoundly rooted in form. Starting from a series of design research residencies in the context of the Porto Design Biennale, this volume proposes a variety of perspectives - social, cultural, political - to challenge this deeply engrained tradition. Contents:1. Graphic Design Systems, and the Systems of Graphic DesignFrancisco Laranjo2. Design Systems, Porto Design Biennale Research ResidenciesLuiza Prado & Pedro Oliveira, ACED, Ruben Pater, Demystification Committee3. One Size Fits AllRuben Pater 4. Fluttering Code: A Cultural and Aesthetic History of the Split-flap DisplayShannon Mattern5. Anything with a Shape Cannot Be BrokenIan Lynam6. Co-Creating Empowering Economic Systems – Strategies for Action Brave New Alps7. Lining OutGeorgina Voss