This open access book analyses the ever-complex relationship between immigration and health in contemporary societies using the Spanish society as a case study. It addresses some of the main dimensions of migrant health in Spain, including migrant-specific vulnerability factors, health changes associated with time spent at the migratory destination, and differentiated problems of certain subpopulations of migrants. The book also examines some of the factors associated with migrant health and explores the mechanisms that might explain this nexus, such as early childhood development, adult and older age health conditions, health practices and coping skills, health culture, social support, physical environment, and access to medical care and health services. While contributing to the effort to create a more comprehensive view of the health status and outcomes of immigrants in developed societies, the book will prove to be a valuable resource to academics, health professionals, various levels of stakeholders and decision-makers, representatives of civil society, and NGOs.