This volume offers a comprehensive exploration of the mental health challenges faced by vulnerable refugees and displaced communities—particularly children, women, and youth—from across the Horn of Africa, including Sudan, South Sudan, Chad, Somalia, and Ethiopia. It examines how displacement, poverty, cultural dislocation, and exposure to trauma profoundly shape mental well-being, highlighting the urgent need for tailored interventions and informed policy responses. Bringing together perspectives from psychology, public health, social work, and humanitarian practice, the book provides a holistic understanding of the complex factors influencing mental health in crisis settings. It centers resilience, coping, and real-life interventions, offering practical strategies for mental health practitioners, humanitarian organizations, and policymakers working on the front lines. Rich case studies and real-world examples illuminate the lived experiences and mental health needs of African refugees. Each chapter explores critical themes such as vulnerability in humanitarian contexts, culturally sensitive mental health interventions, long-term development, psychosocial support systems, gender-based violence, and community-centered healing. The book also underscores the value of low-threshold, accessible interventions in promoting recovery and overall well-being. This book is an indispensable resource for mental health professionals, scholars, and students in psychology, social work, and related fields. It is equally valuable for policymakers, humanitarian workers, NGOs supporting refugees, and general readers seeking a deeper understanding of refugee mental health and resilience.