Spain’s remarkable twentieth-century architecture evolved against a turbulent background of revolution, civil war, dictatorship and transition to democracy. Architecture played a key role in Spain’s struggle out of poverty and isolation and its search for identity in the modern world. This new account examines Spanish architecture from the roots of modernism in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to the present, analysing significant figures and their works in relation to their political, social and cultural contexts. From Madrid’s early, austere local modernism and Barcelona’s internationally influenced works to the ‘Organicist’ modernism of the 1960s and the flourishing public architecture of the late twentieth century and beyond, this book provides a penetrating account of the country’s rich and varied built environment.