This book deals with nonconformist aspects of Sufism, and other antinomian movements in the Persianate cultural areas. The chapters cover a variety of subjects, ranging from gender and the role of women in Islamic mysticism, to genuine versus sham piety, belief versus unbelief, the notion of metempsychosis (tan.sukh) in the mystical philosophy of Shih.b al-D.n Suhravard., and the influential role of the Persian sage .Umar Khayy.m in religious discussions on piety in Persia, and his reception history in Europe.