This book offers a holistic re-evaluation of the Spithead and Nore mutinies of 1797, which immobilised the two Royal Navy fleets responsible for Britain's defence at a time when invasion seemed likely. The mutinies represent two of the most serious manifestations of collective resistance in eighteenth-century Britain, yet they have received relatively little attention in recent historiography. This book challenges the predominant view that the mutinies represented attempts at revolutionary uprising, arguing that the mutineers were instead focused on the mutineers' understanding of 'fairness' and focused on securing appropriate wages. In doing so, it presents an opportunity to scrutinise foundational elements of British society, from notions of reciprocal rights and responsibilities, to relations between the state and individuals.