This Handbook provides a comprehensive examination of Islamic reform movements and reformist thought across different regions and time periods. It brings together leading scholars to analyze the conceptual underpinnings of reform and renewal in Islam, and it explores key issues at the forefront of modern Islamic reform debates, from reinterpreting scripture, jurisprudence, and the complexities of contemporary ijtihad to the roles of education, modernity, violence, colonialism, democracy, human rights, the status of women and minorities, and cyber-Islam. This volume profiles influential reformers and reform-minded thinkers who have shaped Islamic discourses over the centuries; traditionally, progressively, and everything in between. It traces the origins, ideologies, and impacts of major reform movements like Wahhabism, Salafism, the Muslim Brotherhood, Deobandism, Barelwis, Jama'at-e-Islami, the Gülen Movement, Nizari Ismailis, Traditionalism, feminism, and Qur'anists, and also considers smaller offshoots such as the Ahmadiyya and "Reform of Islam" movements. Regional movements across Africa, North America, Europe, Central, South and Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and the Indian Subcontinent are also covered, shedding light on how reform has manifested in diverse cultural andpolitical contexts. The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Reform maps the complex landscape of Islamic reform, core debates, methodologies employed by reformers, intersections with modernity and colonialism, and the continually evolving efforts to redefine and reinterpret Islamic teachings and practices. This work is an authoritative reference work on this critical subject for scholars and students across fields like Islamic studies, religious studies, law, and Middle Eastern studies.