Text in German. How can God allow evil in the world? This question of theodicy (God's justification in the face of suffering and evil in the world) marks the intersection of theology and philosophy. To put it in terms of everyday life: How can God (if he exists) allow wars to wipe out entire ethnic groups, that thousands of people fall victim to natural disasters, so that evil is apparently more powerful than good? This book is not about a belated justification of God in the face of the victims of history, but about the question: How must and can one speak of God at all in view of the history of suffering of mankind and of creation as a whole? "Theistic" premises such as omnipotence and omnipotence are called into question. Instead, a new approach to this problem is attempted using biblical and theological case studies (Abraham, Hiob, D. Bonhoeffer, H. Jonas, J. B. Metz). At the end of the book, the old question of evil is therefore explicitly taken up again. This second edition has been supplemented to better prepare the author's proposal for overcoming the problem of theodicy.