This extensive reference examines the human costs of unemployment and poverty through a study of the health of the population of south Wales during the economic depression of the interwar period. Examining patterns of health and mortality in communities in south Wales, this study undertakes a systematic examination of the statistical data. Chapters are included covering the working-class domestic economy, housing, environment, diet, and medical services ascertaining the consequences of unemployment and poverty on the everyday lives of working-class families.