This monograph provides the first substantial analysis of the visual arts commissioned by Scots in France prior to Mary Queen of Scots. It examines how Scottish identity was represented and promoted through patronage of the visual arts. Tying together previously unpublished archival documents with under-researched visual and material culture, this monograph examines how Scots used patronage to establish their place in French society thus furthering the reputation of the royal house of Scotland, and progressing their own social, political, and diplomatic aims. Incorporating analysis of grand architectural projects, such as the foundation of the Sainte-Chapelle at Vic-le-Comte, and studies of extraordinary manuscripts such as the Monypenny Breviary and the military manuals of Bérault Stuart, this work highlights recurring themes within architectural history, art history, and material culture studies. By addressing broader questions of Scotland's historic relations with Europe, it makes a necessary contribution to modern day concerns.