This open access conference proceedings contains all the papers presented at ICTIMT 2024, the 4th International Conference on Thermal Issues in Machine Tools. The precision of machine tools is primarily affected by their thermal behavior. Over the past two decades, it has become clear that simply placing machines in a temperature-controlled environment is not the most efficient solution. Instead, machine tool manufacturers are responsible for minimizing the misbehavior of their machines under normal job shop conditions. This requires a profound understanding of the energy conversion within the machine, prominently in the process zone, but also the different drives the guiding systems and the auxiliary devices. Thermal analysis and modeling of machines have become indispensable for implementing numerical corrections and compensations. Additionally, model-based corrections contribute actively to energy savings and sustainability, as they can reduce or eliminate the need for air conditioning without compromising precision. Research organizations and machine tool industries worldwide are highly interested in developing industrially viable solutions to further enhance precision. However, the modeling task is becoming increasingly challenging as precision requirements continue to rise. This book gathers the latest international research results in the analysis and compensation of machine tools.