This SpringerBrief provides an interdisciplinary synthesis based on psychology, logic, mathematics, cognitive science, and the history of science. It presents psychology as a science that suffers from a reduced understanding of the most fundamental logic in our practical-bodily encounters with the world, including with our fellow human beings. The Brief offers a new "dual" logic that is based on the duality between identification and description of objects, including persons. The Brief ties in modern mathematics as a tool that can be used to catch this duality in a precise manner.

Featured topics in this Brief include:

• The emergence of Mechanism.
• The duality in animal and human subject-object relations.
• Psychology's compatibility with natural sciences.
• Four cornerstones of modern mathematics.
• The Extensional Method.

A New Logical Foundation for Psychology will be of interest to psychologist, philosophers, and mathematicians concerned with basic theoretical and methodological problems.