This book encapsulates numerous ideas for developing novel strategies toward sustainable waste management, incorporating technology transfer and capacity building for sustainable waste management, and enforcing the stringent policy framework for environmental protection from improper waste management practices. Sustainable waste management is a complex issue that is of increasing concern in developing countries. In these countries, waste management often faces significant challenges due to factors such as inadequate infrastructure, lack of funding and resources, and limited public awareness of the importance of waste management. However, there are also significant opportunities to improve waste management practices and create a more sustainable future. One of the major challenges of waste management in developing countries is inadequate infrastructure. Many developing countries lack the necessary infrastructure to properly manage waste, including landfills, recycling facilities, and waste treatment plants. This leads to significant environmental and health problems, including water pollution, soil contamination, and the spread of disease. This book is an essential resource for researchers and students studying solid waste management, waste valorization, biorefineries, biofuels/products/processes, as well as for geo-environmental engineers, biochemical/chemical engineers, and biotechnologists working in industries and government agencies, policymakers, conservationists, NGOs working for environment protection, etc. The authors are thankful to the contributors of these books for their cooperation and patience in the compilation of this task. The authors are also thankful to Springer team, for their constant support in the publication of this work.