In many respects, biology is the new frontier for applied mathematicians. This book demonstrates the important role mathematics plays in the study of some biological problems. It introduces mathematicians to the biological sciences and provides enough mathematics for bioscientists to appreciate the utility of the modelling approach. This book presents a number of diverse topics, such as neurophysiology, cell biology, immunology, and human genetics. It examines how research is done, what mathematics is used, what the outstanding questions are, and how to enter the field. Also given is a brief historical survey of each topic, putting current research into perspective. The book is suitable for mathematicians and biologists interested in mathematical methods in biology.