This book is a collection of essays written to reflect analytical understanding of contemporary Indian economy in the backdrop of approaching deadline of 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Dedicated to the memory of late Professor Dhiresh Chandra Bhattacharya, a legendary teacher, an author of a pioneering Indian textbook on the economy of divided India, and the second President of the Bangiya Arthaniti Prishad (Bengal Economic Association), this volume uses modern methodologies of economics and econometrics to reflect on prime issues facing the Indian economy. The theoretical and empirical research on some aspect of India’s economic development, have been analyzed by eminent scholars, with a focus on growth and structural change, reforms and macroeconomy, food and nutritional security, and sustainable development. The book examines the inclusive growth paradigm in India in the context of rising inequality in income and wealth distribution, and the tenets of longterm behavior of the economy in the context of GDP growth. It highlights the need of GDP growth to be juxtaposed against the imperatives of distributional challenges that the economy has been facing even after 75 years. The book is useful for the students and researchers of economics, in India and abroad, and points to the required policy initiatives to be undertaken by policy planners.