Part I. Infections and antibiotics.- Interpreting Procalcitoninat the Bedside.- Reducing Antibiotic Use in the ICU: A Time-based Approach to RationalAntimicrobial Use.- Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Severe Influenza Infection.-Critically Ill Patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection.-Part II. Sepsis.- Immunomodulation: The Future for Sepsis?.- Norepinephrine in SepticShock: Five Reasons to Initiate it Early.- Myths and Facts Regarding Lactate inSepsis.- Part III. Renal issues.- Creatinine-based Definitions: From Baseline Creatinineto Serum Creatinine Correction in Intensive Care.- The Detrimental Cross-talk betweenSepsis and AKI: New Pathogenic Mechanisms, Early Biomarkers and Targeted Therapies.-Timing of Acute Renal Replacement Therapy.- (Multiple) Organ Support Therapy beyondAKI.- Part IV. Fluid therapy.- Crystalloid Fluid Therapy.- Balanced Crystalloidsfor Septic Shock Resuscitation.- Part V. Bleeding.- EmergencyReversal Strategies for Anticoagulants and Anti-platelet Agents.- Part VI. Cardiovascularsystem.- Bedside Myocardial Perfusion Assessment with Echocardiography Contrast.-Pathophysiological Determinants of Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Septic Shock.-Cardiovascular Response to ECMO.- Mechanical Circulatory Support in the New Era:An Overview.- Part VII. Cardiac arrest.- Cardiac arrest in the Elderly:Epidemiology and Outcome.- Regional Systems of Care: The Final Link in the "Chainof Survival" Concept for Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest.- Cardiac ArrestCenters.- Part VIII. Oxygenation and respiratory failure.- High-flow NasalCannula Oxygen Therapy: Physiological Effects and Clinical Data.- The PotentialValue of Monitoring the Oxygen Reserve Index in Patients Receiving Oxygen.- VariableVentilation from Bench to Bedside.- Monitoring Respiratory Effort by Means ofthe Electrical Activity of the Diaphragm.- Dissipated Energy is a Key Mediatorof VILI: Rationale for using Low Driving Pressures.- Corticosteroids as Adjunctive Therapy in Severe Community-acquired Pneumonia.-Part IX. Abdominal issues.- The Neglected Role of Abdominal Compliance inOrgan-organ Interactions.- Part X Metabolic support.- Metabonomics and IntensiveCare.- The Rationale for Permissive Hyperglycemia in Critically Ill Patientswith Diabetes.- Indirect Calorimetry in Critically Ill Patients. Concept, CurrentUse, and Future Challenges.- Part XI. Ethical issues.- Managing Intensive CareSupply-demand Imbalance.- Advances in the Management of the Potential OrganDonor after Neurologic Determination of Death.- Humanizing Intensive Care:Theory, Evidence and Possibilities.- Part XII. Applying new technology.- UltrasoundSimulation Education for Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine.- Virtual Patientsand Virtual Cohorts: A New Way to Think about the Design and Implementation of PersonalizedICU Treatments.- Part XIII. Intensive care unit trajectories: The bigger picture.-Predicting Cardiorespiratory Instability.- Long-term Outcomes after CriticalIllness Relevant to Randomized Clinical Trials.- Long-term Consequences of AcuteInflammation in the Surgical Patient: New Findings and Perspectives.- Kairotropy:Discovering Critical Illness Trajectories using Clinical Phenotypes with BigData.