Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the landscape of medical imaging, radiation oncology, and healthcare decision-making, bringing both exciting opportunities and important challenges. This book brings together experts from around the world to examine exactly how AI is transforming the field of medical physics and enhancing patient care. Chapters explore AI-driven advancements in diagnostic imaging, where algorithms enhance image quality while potentially reducing patient dose. They also discuss automated treatment planning and robust dose calculation in radiotherapy, alongside real-time adaptive techniques that respond to anatomical changes. However, this book consciously goes beyond just reviewing these cutting-edge technologies. It considers the evolving landscape of ethical frameworks, the necessity for new competencies and educational pathways for the workforce, and the critical issues of data governance, algorithm transparency, and accountability. This book is a valuable guide for medical physicists and related disciplines including radiologists, radiographers, medical engineers, hospital managers, and academic scholars working in the field of healthcare. Key features:· Focuses on an extremely hot topic and fills a niche in current resources. · Shares practical guidance and experience from some of the world’s leading experts. · Discusses the latest advancements of how AI is being utilized in medical physics, including in diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy.