Architecture of the vessel wall.- Ultrastructure of vascular smooth muscle.- Vascular endothelium.- Electrical and mechanical properties of vascular smooth muscle.- Biochemistry of the contractile proteins of smooth muscle.- Metabolism of vascular smooth muscle.- Neurotransmitters.- Endothelium-derived factors.- Local metabolic factors.- Shear stress, myogenic response, and blood flow autoregulation.- Intracellular Ca2+ regulation.- Regulation of myosin light chain phosphorylation.- Cyclic AMP signaling.- Cyclic GMP signaling.- MicroRNAs and vasoreactivity.- Extracellular vesicles as unique signaling messengers.- Genetic and epigenetic modification.- Coronary vasoreactivity.- Cerebral vasoreactivity.- Pulmonary vasoreactivity.- Renal vasoreactivity.- Hypoxic vasoreactivity .- Ageing and vasoreactivity.