Biopolymer-based composites have emerged as pivotal materials in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, offering biomimetic scaffolds that support cellular growth, differentiation, and tissue regeneration. These composites integrate natural polymers with bioactive fillers to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM), providing structural and biochemical cues essential for tissue repair. In this book, different types of biopolymer composites based on keratin nanofiber, cellulose, chitosan, collagen, gelatin, Hyaluronic acid, starch-based composites, alginate, microbial exopolysaccharides, polyhydroxyakanoate, silk fibroin, dextran and pectin are discussed in detail. It is believed that this work will be of general interest to organic chemists, materials scientists, chemical engineers, polymer scientists and technologists.