This edited volume focusses on the advancements in the production technologies, challenges and perspectives for converting wastes biomass to energy. It discusses sustainable solutions to contemporary challenges of simultaneous bioenergy production and waste management. One of the biggest environmental concerns today is waste generation and management due to the growing population and industrial expansion. Hazardous chemicals from industrial processes, agriculture, and the medical sector result in high pollution levels, contaminating water, air, and soil. This pollution poses a significant threat to the environment and human health. Advanced technologies using microorganisms, nanomaterials, and molecular approaches offer environmentally friendly solutions to these issues. Agro-wastes, including fruit and vegetable wastes, can be viable resources for green energy production, promoting greener and circular economic strategies. This book highlights advances in bioprocesses for a sustainable environment, energy production from waste, bioremoval of hazardous pollutants, meta-omics approaches, bio-based technologies for resource recovery, bioeconomy models, nano-biosensors, and bionanotechnology in waste site restoration. Readers will gain insights into recent sustainable progress and future applications of advanced biotechnological approaches to waste management. This book is highly recommended as reference literature for a diverse community of professionals, scientists, researchers, biotechnologists, environmentalists, industrialists, environmental biotechnologists, students (undergraduate and postgraduate), and innovators involved in developing strategies to address the challenges of current environmental issues.