This book offers readers a comprehensive exploration of the critical role that metabolic remodeling plays in cancer cell survival and progression. Faced with persistent stress, such as nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and immune pressure, cancer cells rely on the tumor microenvironment (TME) as a key driver of metabolic adaptation. This edited volume presents a multidisciplinary view of cancer metabolism as a strategic tool employed by cancer cells to adapt and thrive within the TME. It examines the TME and organ-specific microenvironments as complex, integrated systems, encompassing not only cancer cells, but also stromal components and the microbiota. This intricate network is explored not only as a driver of tumor development and therapy resistance but also as a rich source of targetable vulnerabilities. By shifting the lens from cancer cells alone to their interactions with the surrounding environment, this book highlights emerging molecular players and mechanisms that may enable next-generation cancer therapies, as well as metabolism-informed tools for diagnosis and prognosis. Written by leading experts in the field, this work is intended for researchers interested in cancer biology, the tumor microenvironment, cancer metabolism, and therapeutic innovation. It will appeal to basic and translational scientists, analytical researchers, bioengineers, and clinicians engaged in oncology research and practice.