This book presents readers with a comprehensive discussion on carbon-based nanocomposites and their critical role in addressing global sustainability challenges. By bridging the gap between materials science and real-world applications, this book serves as an invaluable resource for academic researchers, engineers, industry professionals, and advanced students in fields such as materials science, engineering, and environmental studies dealing with the unique properties of carbon-based nanomaterials. It provides a detailed view of carbon-based nanocomposites, offering both foundational knowledge and insights into cutting-edge applications that have the potential to drive sustainable progress in the coming years. This Volume One, the first of three, covers the fundamental properties of different types of carbon-based nanocomposites such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon fibers, as well as exploring various synthesis and characterization techniques. In addition, it describes innovative developments in carbon-based nanocomposites for various applications across renewable energy, environmental sustainability, and advanced manufacturing.