Challenges in Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials, Thermomechanics and Infrared Imaging,  Time Dependent Materials and Residual Stress, Volume 2 of the Proceedings of the 2023 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the second volume of five from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering.  The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Experimental Mechanics, including papers in the following general technical research areas: Advanced Thermographic Techniques for SHMAM Composites and PolymersExperimental Techniques in Biomechanics and MechanobiologyInverse Methodologies and Uncertainties in the Identification of Residual Stresses, Residual Stress IVLow Cost Thermographic ApplicationsMultiscale Mechanics of Biological MaterialsNDE and Process MonitoringResidual StressThermomechanicsTime Dependence in Porous and Soft Materials