Thisbook covers various aspects of characterization of materials in the areas ofmetals, alloys, steels, welding, nanomaterials, intermetallic, and surfacecoatings. These materials are obtained by different methods and techniques likespray, mechanical milling, sol-gel, casting, biosynthesis, and chemicalreduction among others. Some of these materials are classified according toapplication such as materials for medical application, materials for industrialapplications, materials used in the oil industry and materials used likecoatings. The authors provide a comprehensive overview of structuralcharacterization techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-raydiffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, imageanalysis, finite element method (FEM), optical microscopy (OM),  energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS),  Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), infrared photo-thermalradiometry (IPTR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), thermogravimetryanalysis (TGA), thermo luminescence (TL), photoluminescence (PL), high resolutiontransmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and radio frequency (RF). The bookincludes theoretical models and illustrations of characterization properties—bothstructural and chemical.