This book offers an in-depth exploration of chitosan nanoparticles as an innovative therapeutic strategy for brucellosis, a notable zoonotic disease impacting both livestock and humans globally. The integration of nanotechnology and veterinary medicine explores the synthesis, characterization, and biological applications of chitosan-based nanocarriers, highlighting their potential to transform antimicrobial treatments. The book’s first chapter commences with comprehensive introduction to chitosan, detailing its chemistry, solubility, viscosity, and biological properties, which encompass antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The book systematically outlines advanced synthesis protocols for chitosan nanoparticles, encompassing various techniques including ionotropic gelation, spray drying, nanoprecipitation, and covalent cross-linking. This analysis rigorously evaluates the methodologies to emphasize their effectiveness, scalability, and contribution to nanoparticle stability and bioactivity. The techniques for characterization are essential for comprehending nanoparticle behavior. The third chapter offers an in-depth exploration of size analysis, dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, surface charge determination, and morphological studies utilizing scanning and transmission electron microscopy. These tools are crucial for enhancing nanoparticle design for targeted drug delivery. The fourth chapter focuses on bovine brucellosis, detailing its historical background, etiology, transmission, pathogenesis, and zoonotic potential of Brucella infections. The discussion encompasses contemporary diagnostic methods, therapeutic barriers, and management strategies, highlighting the necessity for novel treatment options. The primary emphasis of the book is on the function of chitosan nanoparticles in the treatment of brucellosis. The fifth chapter investigates nano-drug delivery systems, in vivo experimentation, and drug-loaded chitosan nanoparticles aimed at targeting Brucella infections. The proposed mechanism of action illustrates the methods by which these nanoparticles improve drug bioavailability, facilitate controlled release, and address antimicrobial resistance, and finally, the book concludes with an analysis of current challenges and future research directions, offering an outline for the integration of nanomedicine into veterinary and biomedical sciences. This book serves as a crucial resource for veterinary researchers, microbiologists, pharmaceutical scientists, and experts in nanomedicine who are pursuing advanced strategies to address brucellosis through innovative nanoparticle-based therapies.