City and Identity in Modern Iraq examines the role of Baghdad in the process of shaping collective identity and analyzes how different visions of citizenship have changed the face of the city. Since the establishment of the modern state in 1921, the capital city was central to questions of belonging and the country’s social stability. Each phase of the city’s history offers insights into processes of identity and nation-building that can be found nowhere else. The book traces Baghdad’s evolution from being a “melting pot” for all Iraqis to becoming an epicenter of division after 2003. The focus is on the era following the American occupation and how the city regained its role in constructing inclusive visions of nationality in recent years. Due to the lack of suitable methodologies, the new concept of “cultural capacity” is developed and implemented here. It serves as a tool to analyze the city’s cultural heterogeneity, the accessibility of its spaces for social interaction and the visibility it offers to different forms of belonging on the micro, mezzo and macro levels. The spaces with the highest relevance for these processes are thoroughly documented to provide insights from the everyday perspective of life. Findings are used to anticipate Baghdad’s role, especially after the end of the last wave of ethnoconfessional violence and the Tahrir uprising in October 2019. The book will be useful for readers and institutions with an interest in Iraq, “the Middle East” or the Arabic-Islamic World. Furthermore, it aims to appeal to researchers and professionals from the disciplines of geography, architecture, urban studies, sociology, political sciences, history, heritage and cultural studies.