This book dives into the vital microstructures and material designs needed for concrete survival in extreme conditions such as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) storage and lunar base demand concrete which are built to endure temperatures as low as -165 °C. Researchers have long puzzled over the impact of cryogenic attack on cement-based materials, pivotal in cement-based materials. This book presents an exploration to uncover the secrets of micro/nanostructures under cryogenic attack. Across concise chapters, this book scrutinizes pore stability, degradation paths, and enhancements for C-S-H micro/nanostructures. It explores properties like elasticity, ice crystallization, and transport within cement nanopores, delivering a complete picture of cryogenic concrete.