Chapter 1: The Population Controversy and Beyond.- Chapter 2: Population, Economic Growth and Religion. Malthus as a populationist.- Chapter 3: From Malthusianism to Populationism. The French liberal economists (1840-1870).- Chapter 4: The Malthusian Trap. The failure of Proudhon.- Chapter 5: Capitalism and Population. Marx and Engels against Malthus.- Chapter 6: Beneath Demographic Issues.- BIBLIOGRAPHY.- GENERAL INDEX