This book rethinks economic theory and calls for a creative and pragmatic approach to policymaking. It examines what development and sustenance of economic progress mean, and how these may be facilitated. While globalization of goods and financial markets may have delivered high growth for some nations, the distribution of the benefits has often been highly unequal. This work emphasizes the relevance of a broad policy framework based on building individual capabilities and in line with a human-centric perspective. Also, it points out the crucial need to create policy space for macroeconomic stability and to accommodate heterodox influences to address the persisting global problems of poverty, inequality and sustaining development.