Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis is now recognized as a common cause of accelerated hypertension and deterioration in renal function, and has become a widely discussed and debated topic in modern cardiovascular medicine. There are multiple reasons for this, including an aging population, improved imaging methods, novel safe and effective methods of revascularization, and improvement in antiplatelet therapy and access site complications after percutaneous procedures. This monograph presents state of the art contributions in the areas of diagnosis and surgical, medical, and endovascular intervention from leading experts leaders in the field of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. It discusses the incidence and prevalence, natural history, diagnosis, and optimal methods of revascularization, including renal intervention for pulmonary edema, and ultimately, whether or not revascularization has a positive impact on renal preservation. With contributions from internationally recognized authorities in this field, this book contains comprehensive analysis of current data and experience in this rapidly evolving field. Vascular and cardiovascular surgeons, interventionalists (cardiologists, radiologists), nephrologists, and internists will appreciate the succinct, yet comprehensive information contained within.