Evolution of the Pyrenees during the Variscan and Alpine Cycles 1 presents the evolution of geological knowledge of the Pyrenees as a result of major scientific research programs in the early 21st century. This book, dedicated to the Variscan cycle and Cretaceous rifting, traces the evolution of the Pyrenean domain between 340 Ma and 90 Ma. It begins with an analysis of the state of knowledge of the Pyrenean basement, whose structure is inherited from the Variscan evolution of this domain. It then traces the kinematic evolution of the western Mediterranean domain since the Paleozoic. Finally, it discusses the evolution of our knowledge of Cretaceous rifting and the sedimentary and metasomatic processes associated with the individualization of the Iberian–Eurasian plate boundary.