Highlighting how the financialization-driven economy has played a significant role in exacerbating the climate crisis, particularly in the Global South, this book examines the relationship between the prevailing economic model and its environmental impact. The chapters in this edited volume focus on two key themes within the Latin American context: the various manifestations of nature’s financialization, particularly through the operations of transnational mining companies, and the consequences of an increasingly financialized neo-extractivism, and the new forms of financial mechanisms for supporting the energy transition. Overall, the book studies the connections between the financial sphere, the constraints on economic-social development, and the preservation of the environment from the perspective of post-Keynesian and Marxist discussions on financialization, the debates of Latin American structuralism around underdevelopment and dependency, and radical political ecology. This book will be of interest to readers of heterodox perspectives on the economy, environment, and development.