The integration of nuclear techniques and technologies into food safety and control systems is critical and it is essential to raise awareness about their comparative advantages. One effective approach is to foster dialogue and communication among key stakeholders, including research institutions, academia, regulatory authorities, and industry. This Proceedings Series publication covers the symposium held in Vienna, Austria (27–31 May 2024). This event brought together global experts and stakeholders to discuss the protection of the food supply chain and explore ways to improve its resilience to a variety of challenges including climate change, foodborne diseases, food fraud and antimicrobial resistance. It also addressed external pressures such as pandemics, conflicts and other catastrophic events. Participants presented both established and emerging applications of nuclear and complementary technologies, while also discussing future perspectives and opportunities.