This book reflects the extraordinary growth of knowledge on the genetic basis of kidney disease across all age groups over the past decades. These advances were greatly helped by remarkable improvements in sequencing technology and related fields of bioinformatics. Hereditary kidney disease once viewed as a relatively small and obscure side domain of medical genetics mostly studied and researched by pediatricians interested in kidney disease has evolved into a broad field of its own right, containing a substantial number of highly diverse disease spectra, that can overwhelm the beginner and may still confuse the senior physician. Physicians and scientists working in all areas of kidney disease and related fields are confronted with many different sources of information with comprehensive and up to date textbooks now being largely absent. The aim of this book is to fill this gap by providing a useful reference to readers involved in the care of patients with kidney disease and give a first foothold to all those readers who wish to start their own research journey into the field.