This fourth edition offers a practical guide to endovascular treatment of cerebrovascular disease and provides a comprehensive reference for the related neurovascular anatomy and the various disorders that affect the vascular system. Chapters cover fundamental principles underlying cerebral and spinal angiography; interventional techniques, devices, and practice guidelines; and commonly encountered cerebrovascular disorders for which interventional and endovascular methods are appropriateBuilding on the previous edition, the text is presented similarly in style and scope to emphasize accessibility and ease of reading. All chapters are fully updated to include more recent data, and obsolete products and techniques are replaced with the most current technology. Some key updates include:A greater emphasis on the use of radial artery access for the discussed endovascular techniques. The associations of COVID-19 with ischemic stroke and the implicationsof providing care for cerebrovascular patients during a pandemic. An extensive update to the acute ischemic stroke chapter with new references and format to more closely follow the format of other chapters in that section. Expansion of the pediatric sections of disease chapters, including discussions of genetic associations with disease.  This is an ideal guide for clinicians and trainees in neurology, neurosurgery and neuroradiology, as well as practicing clinicians in related fields caring for patients with cerebrovascular disease.