Drawing on vivid historical episodes and interdisciplinary insights, this book provides an accessible yet comprehensive narrative of the intricate relationship between diseases and the course of Chinese history. From devastating pandemics to lesser-known medical crises that quietly redirected political decisions and cultural norms, the book traces how pathogens have reshaped the trajectory of Chinese history over the millennia. Through compelling storytelling and rich archival materials, the author reveals how population density, trade, warfare, environmental change and early globalisation both accelerated the spread of disease and drove innovations in public health, medical practice and state governance. It examines ancient quarantine systems, the rise and fall of hospitals, the challenges faced by female physicians, and the medical myths surrounding emperors and scholars. It also explores how misconceptions, fear and rumour influenced social order. Beyond medical history, the book explores how ordinary individuals and entire civilisations responded to uncertainty, mortality and hope, shedding light on disease as both a threat to human life and a catalyst for historical change. This valuable reference work is essential reading for researchers and students of Chinese history and medical humanities, particularly those interested in traditional Chinese medicine, social and cultural history, medical anthropology, and the sociology of health and illness.