Among the various indices of ability-to-pay taxes, income is regarded by far the most appropriate. Part I of this book examines various analytical and policy issues associated with the designing of an income tax system. Part II of the book describes in simple language the otherwise complex law of income tax in India. It traces, in brief, the history of income tax legislation in India and describes the existing constitutional provisions and legal framework of income tax. Besides, it states the main provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and explains the law and procedure of assessment of taxable income. Finally, it critically evaluates the present system of income tax in India.