The book comprises 19 chapters, each authored by distinguished scientists in the field. It emphasizes the need to overcome yield barriers through genetically modified technology while maintaining biosafety and adhering to established standards. Two chapters explore the use of biotechnology to improve productivity. The book also examines water management in a comprehensive manner. Soil fertility and its effective management are crucial for enhancing crop productivity. Soil is viewed as a living entity, which is the foundation of horticulture. Rootstocks play a pivotal role in rejuvenation, anchoring, and better nutrient absorption. Biotic stresses, such as nematode pests and a range of viruses, pose significant challenges to crop growth. Breeding techniques are now available to develop varieties and hybrids that can withstand both biotic and abiotic stresses. A basic understanding of plant physiology is necessary to comprehend the source-sink ratios in crops. The book also highlights the importance of marketing and trade, which are often overlooked but have gained significant importance. Horticulture cannot be fully understood without studying pollinators like bees.