In the early years of the twenty-first century, the Indian agricultural sector, particularly horticulture, is experiencing significant changes. Historically, horticultural crops had a limited phase of development due to a lack of research potentiality. As we enter the second decade of the new millennium, the golden revolution commences with new visions for the application of modern and innovative techniques in breeding and farming. While qualitative production is sufficient to meet the domestic market demand for most horticultural crops, there are exceptions such as spices, condiments, plantation crops, flower crops, and medicinal plants, which have high international market demand. Horticultural crops play a vital role in supplementing the nations diet and providing food security. To achieve these goals, innovative approaches to scientific culture are necessary. This book covers recent and relevant topics in horticulture, including crop breeding, precision farming, biotechnology, therapeutic horticulture, and post-harvest practices for fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, and plantation crops. The knowledge of recent research technologies such as bioinformatics, biotechnology, and transplastomics will help in the production and consumption of horticultural crops. The practical application of breeding techniques such as polyoidy and selection techniques will increase productivity. The exploitation of horticultural crops for the occurrence of antioxidants will promote human health and prevent diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The organic farming of vegetable and plantation crops is also discussed in detail in this book.