This book investigates political and ideological perspectives on the Arabic and Chinese languages through studies of language teaching, linguistic values, identities, education, political discourse, and translation in diverse contexts. Language, Teaching, and Politics in Arabic and Chinese places these two languages side by side, seeking to highlight potential points of connection across various domains as well as common trends and processes. The book addresses teaching practices, didactic tools, and ideological stances, with attention to standard varieties, local dialects, and minority languages, alongside the political dimensions of education and the functions of political language and its translation, through the lenses of different disciplines and relevant methodologies. The 14 chapters engage with a variety of timely and relevant issues for contemporary society, including language teaching, language variation, language identity, language ideologies, language policies, political discourse, translation, and, more broadly, the role of language in conveying political and ideological views. The studies are rooted in disciplines such as theoretical and applied linguistics, sociolinguistics, language education, and translation studies, and they draw upon a range of approaches and methodologies. This volume will appeal to instructors, scholars, researchers, and students interested in second language pedagogy and linguistics, as well as the interrelations between language, teaching, ideology, and politics within and beyond Arabic and Chinese language studies.