This book explores the critical role of LiDAR technology in autonomous navigation and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). It explores the fundamental principles of LiDAR, comparing it with other sensor technologies like radar and cameras while examining the various types of LiDAR systems, including time-of-flight, flash, and frequency-modulated continuous wave systems. It emphasises real-world use cases, including setting up LiDAR data acquisition systems and addressing challenges like sensor calibration, alignment, and integration into autonomous systems. • Discusses in detail LiDAR’s working principles, laser pulse wavelengths, point cloud data, motion compensation, and datasets commonly used in LiDAR research. • Examines the effects of ambient light, adverse weather conditions (rain, fog, snow), and practical strategies for mitigating these challenges. • Describes advanced methods for object detection, segmentation, and multi-object tracking using LiDAR point clouds, including solutions like AnchorPoint and Smart3DMOT. • Presents techniques for creating high-definition 3D maps and implementing SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) that are essential for autonomous navigation. • Offers practical insights into autonomous navigation, including LiDAR-based localization, path planning, obstacle avoidance, and real-world case studies like autonomous shuttles. • Explores multi-LiDAR calibration, emphasizing alignment, fusion, and synchronization to enhance coverage and reduce blind spots in autonomous systems. · Offers a detailed guide on open-source LiDAR processing tools like PCL, Open3D, and ROS for data handling and visualization. By combining theoretical principles with practical applications and case studies, this book serves as a reference book for academics and researchers in computer science, electronics, communication engineering, and autonomous technologies.