The term “local content” refers to the value petroleum activities bring to a country beyond the direct revenues from hydrocarbons. Job creation, taxes and fees, and the infusion of talent and education all contribute to local content. With the insight of experts from around the world, this text explores the policies of more than two dozen countries, each with its own approach. It also discusses historical context and how countries could learn from the best and the worst of local content development. Host countries that remain assertive in local content policies also have a better track record in tackling other associated problems. These include economic and social issues as well as also the development of a diverse and well-educated local work force. This text is a valuable resource for legal counsels (in-house and external), governmental authorities, business development managers, economists, NGOs, and academics.